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Webster's English Dictionary

atmosphere

n. [Gr. vapor (akin to Skr. tman breath, soul, G. athem breath) + sphere: cf. F. atmosphre. See Sphere.]1. (Physics) The whole mass of ariform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars. ()

An atmosphere of cold oxygen. (Miller.)

2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies. (Franklin.)

3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 lbs. to the sq. inch. ()

Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. (Lubbock.)

4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition. ()

The chillest of social atmospheres. (Hawthorne.)

5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere. ()

a. [Cf. F. atmosphrique.]1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth. ()

2. Existing or occurring in the atmosphere. ()

The lower atmospheric current. (Darwin.)

3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine. ()

4. Dependent on the atmosphere. ()

In am so atmospherical a creature. (Pope.)

Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder. Tomlinson. -- Atmospheric line (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded down to the atmosphere when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator card.) -- Atmospheric pressure, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch. -- Atmospheric railway, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force. -- Atmospheric tides. See under Tide. ()